The American bison, commonly known as buffalo, is iconic for its seasonal migrations across the Great Plains. Historically, massive herds moved in tandem with the changing seasons, grazing on nutrient-dense grasses in the summer and seeking more sheltered areas during winter. Bison migration is closely linked to the grassland ecosystem, with their grazing habits shaping the landscape and promoting biodiversity.

In summer, buffalo spread across open plains, where they graze on fresh grass shoots. As fall arrives and food becomes scarce, they migrate to lower elevations with more vegetation. Unlike many other migratory species, buffalo move slowly and deliberately, often covering only a few miles each day. However, their influence on the ecosystem is profound; bison help maintain the health of grasslands, creating microhabitats for other species and preventing woody plants from taking over.

Human settlement and agriculture disrupted traditional bison migration routes. Today, conservation efforts, including designated protected lands, allow herds to move more freely. In places like Yellowstone National Park, bison are free to roam across wide expanses, replicating natural migratory behaviors that benefit the grassland environment.